Name | Ethyl gallate |
Synonyms | nipa48 Nipa No. 48 Nipagallin A Ethyl gallate RARECHEM AL BI 0070 Gallic acid ethyl ester ethylesterkyselinygallove Ethylester kyseliny gallove ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate Ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoicaciethylester 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, ethyl ester |
CAS | 831-61-8 |
EINECS | 212-608-5 |
InChI | InChI=1/C9H10O5/c1-2-14-9(13)5-3-6(10)8(12)7(11)4-5/h3-4,10-12H,2H2,1H3 |
InChIKey | VFPFQHQNJCMNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Molecular Formula | C9H10O5 |
Molar Mass | 198.17 |
Density | 1.2539 (rough estimate) |
Melting Point | 149-153°C |
Boling Point | 255.48°C (rough estimate) |
Flash Point | 185°C |
Water Solubility | soluble |
Solubility | Soluble in chloroform, methanol |
Vapor Presure | 1.29E-08mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White powder or crystal |
Color | White to slightly beige |
BRN | 2116014 |
pKa | 8.04±0.23(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
Refractive Index | 1.4570 (estimate) |
MDL | MFCD00016430 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting Point 151-154°C water-soluble solution |
Use | Antioxidants, food additives and certain pharmaceutical intermediates for oils and fats |
Safety Description | 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | LW7700000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29182900 |
Raw Materials | Gallic acid |
Downstream Products | Propyl Gallate |
Reference Show more | 1. Ma Xiaodong, Li Zhanqiang, Su Shanshan et al. Determination of five phenolic compounds in Rhodiola crenulata by UHPLC [J]. Chinese herbal medicine 2017 08(v.40;No.402):149-151. 2. Su Shanshan, Yao Zhimin, Xue Bin, Zhao Guangyue, Wei Yuhai, Li Zhanqiang. Rapid analysis of chemical constituents of Rhodiola crenulata by UPLC-Q-Exactive electrostatic field orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometry [J]. Chinese herbal medicine 2019 42(04):802-808. 3. Lu Xiaoyi, Xu Wen, Zheng Haiyin, etc. Simultaneous determination of four effective components in Rhus chinensis Extract by HPLC [J]. Chinese Journal of Information on traditional Chinese medicine 2019(1):72-75. 4. Fei Han, Yanting Li, Li Ma, Tianfeng Liu, Yawen Wu, Rui Xu, Aihua Song, Ran Yin,A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-FT-ICR MS/MS method for identification of chemical constituents in Rhodiola crenulata extract, rat plasma and rat brain after oral administration, 5. Li, Yanting, et al. "Characterization of global metabolic profile of Rhodiola crenulata after oral administration in rat plasma, urine, bile and feces based on UHPLC-FT-ICR MS ." Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 149 (2018): 318-328.https:// 6. Han, Fei, et al. "Characterization of chemical constituents in Rhodiola Crenulate by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (HPLC‐FT‐ICR MS)." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 51.5 (2016) 7. Nan, Xingmei, et al. "Bioactive fraction of Rhodiola algida against chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and its anti-proliferation mechanism in rats." Journal of ethnopharmacology 216 (2018): 175-183.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.0 8. [IF=6.057] Fei Han et al."A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-FT-ICR MS/MS method for identification of chemical constituents in Rhodiola crenulata extract, rat plasma and rat brain after oral administration."Talanta. 2016 Nov;160:183 9. [IF=3.935] Yanting Li et al."Characterization of global metabolic profile of Rhodiola crenulata after oral administration in rat plasma, urine, bile and feces based on UHPLC-FT-ICR MS."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2018 Feb;149:318 10. [IF=3.69] Xingmei Nan et al."Bioactive fraction of Rhodiola algida against chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and its anti-proliferation mechanism in rats."J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Apr;216:175 11. [IF=3.06] Zeyi Ai et al."Effect of Stereochemical Configuration on the Transport and Metabolism of Catechins from Green Tea across Caco-2 Monolayers."Molecules. 2019 Jan;24(6):1185 12. [IF=6.306] Yunke Huang et al."Ex vivo to in vivo extrapolation of syringic acid and ferulic acid as grape juice proxies for endothelium-dependent vasodilation: Redefining vasoprotective resveratrol of the French paradox."Food Chem. 2021 Jun;:130323 13. [IF=3.167] Jin Gan et al."Purification of polyphenols from Phyllanthus emblica L. pomace using macroporous resins: Antioxidant activity and potential anti-Alzheimer's effects."J Food Sci. 2022 Mar;87(3):1244-1256 |
NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
Overview | ethyl gallate (ethyl gal-late,EG) it is a safe and many phenolic antitumor compounds screened by pharmacological experiments from Euphorbia wilfordii. Studies have shown that EG can inhibit the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer and other tumor cells, and the proliferation of colon cancer cells Lovo is the strongest. figure: Euphorbia stellera |
separation method | silica gel column chromatography, sephadex LH - 20 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography separation and purification of ethyl gallate from the ethyl acetate layer of Euphorbia wilfordii, MTT method was used to observe the growth inhibition of three kinds of tumor cells at different concentrations and time. Results: ethyl gallate had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of colon cancer LOVO cells, lung cancer A549 cells and oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells. After 72h of drug action, the maximum inhibition rate reached (74. (67±0.47) %, (62.01±1.27)% and (37.17±2.12)%. Conclusion: ethyl gallate extracted by ethyl acetate layer of Euphorbia wilfordii has anti-tumor activity in vitro. |
Anti-Tumor Mechanism | the expression of activated caspase-3( cleaved caspase-3) in Lovo cells was significantly higher than that in the control group, these results suggest that EG may induce apoptosis through caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Continuing to look up for the expression of its upstream protein, it was found that EG could up-regulate the expression of activated caspase-9(cleaved caspase-9) protein, which was significantly different from the blank control cells. The experimental results suggest that EG may start the process of apoptosis through the classical mitochondrial pathway, thus playing an anti-cancer role. |
anti-breast cancer mechanism | EG inhibited p-Akt and NF-κB protein expression, but had no effect on total Akt expression, it is suggested that the anti-invasion and metastasis effect of EG may be closely related to the inhibition of Akt- NF-κB pathway. The active ingredient EG can obviously inhibit the invasion ability of breast cancer in vitro, which may reduce Case Fatality Rate of breast cancer patients and prolong the survival time of patients. In addition, EG can reduce the invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 in vitro, which may be related to the inhibition of proto-oncogene and elongation factor protein and mRNA expression in cancer cells. |
references | [1] Jian Baiyu, Yue Liling, Han Cuiyan, etc. Mechanism of ethyl gallate inducing apoptosis of human colon cancer Lovo cells through mitochondrial pathway [J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2016, 51(6):463-467. [2] Cui Hongxia, Wang Ming, Yuan Jiaxin, etc. Effect of ethyl gallate on invasion of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism [J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacy, 2015(1):45-49. [3] Jian Bai Yu, Guo Lina, Ma Liwei, etc. Extraction, separation and antitumor activity of ethyl gallate from Euphorbia wilfordii [J]. Chinese medicine information, 2014, 3 (3):7-9. [4] Huang Liying, Chen Xia. Invasion of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by ethyl gallate and its mechanism [J]. Journal of cancer progression, 2016, 14(4):375-377. |
Use | Antioxidants for oils and fats, food additives and some pharmaceutical intermediates for content determination/identification/pharmacological experiments |